第一篇：英语演讲教程
presentations and public speaking in english
a presentation is a formal talk to one or more people that "presents" ideas or information in a clear, structured way. people are sometimes afraid of speaking in public, but if you follow a few simple rules, giving a presentation is actually very easy. this tutorial guides you through each stage of giving a presentation in english, from the initial preparation to the conclusion and questions and answers. this tutorial is itself set out like a mini-presentation.
preparation
can you name the 3 most important things when giving any presentation?
number 1 is . . . preparation
number 2 is . . . preparation!
number 3 is . . . preparation!!
preparation is everything!
with good preparation and planning you will be totally confident and less nervous. and your audience will feel your confidence. your audience, too, will be confident. they will be confident in you. and this will give you control. control of your audience and of your presentation. with control, you will be 'in charge' and your audience will listen positively to your message.
objective
before you start to prepare a presentation, you should ask yourself: "why am i making this presentation?" do you need to inform, to persuade, to train or to sell? your objective should be clear in your mind. if it is not clear in your mind, it cannot possibly be clear to your audience.
audience
"who am i making this presentation to?" sometimes this will be obvious, but not always. you should try to inform yourself. how many people? who are they? business people? professional people? political people? experts or non-experts? will it be a small, intimate group of 4 colleagues or a large gathering of 400 competitors? how much do they know already and what will they expect from you?
venue
"where am i making this presentation?" in a small hotel meeting-room or a large conference hall? what facilities and equipment are available? what are the seating arrangements?
time and length
"when am i making this presentation and how long will it be?" will it be 5 minutes or 1 hour? just before lunch, when your audience will be hungry, or just after lunch, when your audience will be sleepy?
method
how should i make this presentation?" what approach should you use? formal or informal? lots of visual aids or only a few? will you include some anecdotes and humour for variety?
content
"what should i say?" now you must decide exactly what you want to say. first, you should brainstorm your ideas. you will no doubt discover many ideas that you want to include in your presentation. but you must be selective. you should include only information that is relevant to your audience and your objective. you should exclude all other ideas. you also need to create a ……此处隐藏7880个字……w. say something like this:
"i'm sorry. i don't happen to know the answer to that question, but i'll be happy to check into it for you."
here are some further examples:
i don't think i can answer your question.
i wish i could answer your question, but unfortunately i have no good answer.
i'm not sure that i can answer your question. what i'm going to say is not quite an answer to your question.
another technique to cope with the situation is to direct the attention to another expert who may know it or you can use the audience. ask if anyone could help the questioner and hence it won't be necessary for you to admit that you do not know the answer. see examples below.
i think that question could be better answered by dr. liu than by me.
i think perhaps dr. chen would be better able to answer this question.
prof. li would be a better person to answer your question since he has done a lot of work in this field.
fortunately, prof. 'ma, who is an authority in this area, is 'here. i think no one is more suitable than him to answer your question.
dr. sawyer is perhaps in a better position to tell us something about it.
perhaps my colleague dr. emery here has some better ideas.
i think it would be better if prof. wu were to make some comments on this matter.
avoid using the following expressions to embarrass the questioner:
"i've already answered that but you obviously weren't listening." instead say something like "i'm sorry i didn't explain that clearly."
avoid talking to one questioner. look towards the other, side of the conference hall or room and indicate that there is another question. suggest that as there are several more questioners,' yon could discuss his or her question in more detail after your talk.
referring back to the questionerhaving finished answering questions, you should check that the questioner is satisfied or further elaboration or explanation is called for. the following expressions might be helpful.
did i answer your question?
did i answer you satisfactorily?
did your question get answered?
i don't know whether this answered your question.
i don't know if this is a satisfactory answer.
i hope this may serve as an answer to dr. li.
i hope this answers ~0ur question.:,
sometimes when question lime is over and ff time permits, you can restate, your main proposition, including any good comments from the audience and ignoring adverse questions or remarks. thus, you demonstrate that you are confident mid can cope calmly with controversy.
remember that your last words to the audience will be retained longest and you are expected to behave in a professional manner.
